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Welcome to the website and blog of organizational psychologist Arnold Bakker, Ph.D., one of the driving forces behind Job Demands–Resources theory and author of several classic books and articles in organizational psychology and management. 

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Arnold B. Bakker

Arnold Bakker is an internationally known organizational psychologist who lectures frequently to professional groups, business audiences, and students. Together with Evangelia Demerouti, he has developed Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) theory – one of the most-cited theories in psychology and management literatures. 

He has been on Thomson Reuters’ list of “Most influential scientific minds” since 2013.

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Latest Articles

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Empirical evidence for the validity of the job crafting scale (JCS) in a Portuguese setting. Management Research.

Job crafting

27 Jun 2024

Authors:

Viseu, J., Santos, J., Santarem Semedo, C., Bakker, A.B., Tims, M., Agrela, S., & Lagareiro, B. (2024).

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Job demands and resources. In C. Cooper, P. Brough, & V. L. Anderson (Eds.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Occupational Health Psychology.

JDR theory

27 Jun 2024

Authors:

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Giving and taking social support at work: An experience sampling study among coworker dyads. Applied Psychology: An International Review.

JDR theory

27 Jun 2024

Authors:

Zeijen, M., Petrou, P., & Bakker, A.B. (2024).

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Recovery from work by playing video games. Applied Psychology: An International Review.

Recovery

27 Jun 2024

Authors:

Erdem Koçak, Ö., Gorgievski, M., & Bakker, A.B. (2024).

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Questionnaires

Arnold Bakker has developed several questionnaires for the assessment of job demands and resources, employee well-being, and proactive employee behaviors.

These questionnaires can be used for free in scientific research.  Those who want to use the questionnaires commercially, need to contact Dr. Bakker.

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Please log in so that you can download the copyright-protected questionnaires. Download data will be treated confidentially and data will not be shared with others. 

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Questionnaires

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Work-related Flow Scale (WOLF)

Flow

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Start & Stop Control Scale

Personality

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Employee Intrapreneurship Scale

Proactivity

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Proactive Vitality Management

Proactive vitality

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Classic Articles

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Job Demands - Resources theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 25-53.

JDR theory

31 Jan 2023

Authors:

Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A.I. (2023).

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A Job Demands–Resources approach to public service motivation. Public Administration Review.

JDR theory

7 Dec 2021

Authors:

Bakker, A.B. (2015)

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Proactive vitality management, work engagement, and creativity: The role of goal orientation. Applied Psychology: An International Review.

Proactive vitality management

9 Dec 2021

Authors:

Bakker, A.B., Petrou, P., Op den Kamp, E.M., & Tims, M. (2020)

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Job Demands–Resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress & Coping.

JDR theory

9 Dec 2021

Authors:

Bakker, A.B., & De Vries. J.D. (2021)

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Arnold Bakker

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